On April 27th, Duan Long appeared on the red carpet of fashion activities. He wore a black velvet suit, a white shirt and a snowflake brooch. He was very mature in overall wearing, but his wolftail curly hair was slightly greasy, his eyes and face were a little swollen, and his forehead wrinkles were obvious. He looked vicissitudes.
Duan Long’s appearance this time is totally different from his previous state, which is worrying.
[Omdia: Samsung’s small and medium-sized OLED business will face challenges this year and will rely more on its own mobile phone orders] Omdia, a market analysis agency, said that Samsung showed that it will face difficulties in the small and medium-sized OLED business this year and rely more on the rigid OLED panel orders of Samsung Electronics Galaxy A series mobile phones.
On January 22nd, The Wire, an Indian media, published a heavy and long investigation report, revealing that the ruling party of Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Bharatiya Janata Party, and Internet companies jointly developed and put into use an APP called "Tek Fog" to manipulate public opinion and crack down on political opponents by digital means.
Indian TV reported Tek Fog.
According to the report, in mid-2020, The Wire editorial department found a clue that a former employee of the IT department of the Bharatiya Janata Party broke the news that the Bharatiya Janata Party used this APP called Tek Fog to create momentum for right-wing politics and promote cyber violence. According to the report, through clues, the investigative reporter verified that this program called "Tek Fog" did exist. This mobile APP has many functions. Including the ability to automatically generate virtual phone numbers and email addresses, and then use the same terminal to register, log in and operate many social platform accounts such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, and generate a lot of similar information in a short time to achieve the effect of "washing the version" on social platforms.
The report mentioned that this APP has unified deployment and KPI indicators. Grass-roots operators will receive uniform labels at regular intervals-often the hottest political topic. Then they have to generate a copy related to the tag through the APP-support the Bharatiya Janata Party, or attack the opponents of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and then publish the copy, forward and share it on platforms such as Twitter, thus "hijacking" the hot search keywords of these platforms. For example, in the report, on May 4, 2020, the Bharatiya Janata Party launched a publicity campaign against the labor group, claiming that the largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress Party, was "anti-labor" and set a key word-"# Congress Party is anti-labor". This keyword was quickly forwarded by about 1,700 accounts and got more than 50,000 main tweets and retweets.
The survey report also found that the APP "Tek Fog" has a huge database of online users. Among them, the public figures on the Internet in India are divided into many categories-such as journalists, social media experts, religious leaders, movie stars, students … Different people are also labeled with different labels, such as gender, political orientation, religion, language and so on. According to the deployment, the operator can select groups with different labels to send public opinion messages on a large scale-for example, insulting words are put on anti-Modi female journalists in a certain period of time, and inflammatory words are put on certain groups of people in a certain period of time.
After this high-tech "public opinion war" weapon was exposed, the Modi government and its political parties have not commented so far. Many media have expressed great concern. For example, the French newspaper Le Monde called it creating a "toxic media environment"; Pakistan’s Dawn newspaper commented that this "encourages the ideology of hatred"; Bloomberg believes that this is the embodiment of India’s "political war escalation."
All these serve the political goals of the Bharatiya Janata Party: Since winning the election in 2014, Indian Prime Minister Modi and his ruling Bharatiya Janata Party have been committed to pursuing the political agenda of "Hindu nationalism", that is, the "transformation" plan of India, which is a mixture of identity politics and sectarian politics, with the aim of transforming India from a secular country with multiple religions and ethnic groups into a religious country ruled by a "Hindu nation" and pursuing the "dharma rule" of Hinduism.
For this long-sought political goal, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government has carried out a series of controversial domestic policies, which has continuously promoted Hindu nationalism at the symbolic and practical levels. For example, in October 2019, Modi’s government abolished the autonomous status given to Indian-controlled Kashmir in the Indian Constitution; In November of the same year, Hindu nationalist groups won the lawsuit surrounding the former site of Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, and obtained court permission to build the Hindu Rama Temple on the site of the mosque demolished by Hindu militants in 1992. The following year, Modi personally came to lay the foundation stone for the new temple. From the second half of 2019 to the first half of 2020, Modi took advantage of the epidemic to launch the National Identity Act (CAA), which regarded many groups other than Hindus as "non-nationals", which triggered a series of protests, especially in Delhi, which caused ethnic conflicts between Hindus and Muslims who killed many people. In addition, during the Modi government’s administration, all parts of India also ushered in the climax of "social policy" to restrict the slaughter of cattle and the consumption of beef. A large number of Mughal city names have also been changed to "Hindu" names in these years.
In this series of operations, the Indian media ecology under the Bharatiya Janata Party is increasingly beneficial to Modi. In 2015, NDTV, which is famous for its anti-Modi, was rectified for national security and tax reasons; In 2019, the Indian government temporarily stopped buying advertisements in the biggest media-The Times of India, The Hindu and Telegraph, which was interpreted as a way to pressure these media that rely heavily on government advertising to change their reporting tendency.
At the same time, the online propaganda power of Bharatiya Janata Party has been expanding: on the one hand, the right-wing parent organization of Bharatiya Janata Party, the National Volunteer Service Corps (RSS), used its peripheral social organizations such as the All India Student Union (ABVP) and the World Hindu Lent (VHP) to launch propaganda, and besieged social forces opposed to Hindu right-wing politics on the grounds of "anti-state" since Modi came to power. In 2016, in line with the accusation of the Ministry of the Interior on the "incitement crime" of the left-wing students of Nehru University, they launched a network encirclement and suppression of Nida; Over the years, they have been besieging famous non-Hindu Bollywood actors, including Aamir Hussain Khan. The last time was in October 2021, Aamir Hussain Khan was regarded as an "anti-Indian" and was cursed to "go back to Pakistan" for posting a tweet calling for environmental protection and public morality during Hindu Diwali and not to set off fireworks on the road. Although many people in the society ridiculed these cyber violence as the work of Modi’s "Bhakt" (devout believers), there is obviously a special organization and coordination work behind it. The Bharatiya Janata Party even appointed Tajinder Pal Singh Bagga as the spokesman of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Delhi. This gentleman is famous for violently humiliating anti-Indian people in various languages on the Internet. To some extent, the Indian Party gave him a post as a reward for his "public opinion firepower".
On April 3, 2021, in Buer, Saunal, India, Indian Prime Minister Modi held a rally during the parliamentary election campaign in West Bengal, and supporters of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wore Modi’s mask.
The latest investigation report on the "TekFog" app confirms the real existence of these public opinion techniques. It can even be seen that the Bharatiya Janata Party’s public opinion offensive has "evolved" into a more high-tech approach, and it has skillfully cooperated with large enterprises, no longer relying entirely on the rumors of "sea tactics" and "network water army".
In The Wire’s investigation, the reporter found that the operation of this APP was suspected to involve two companies.
One is Persistent Systems, a joint venture between India and the United States. The company advertised that its founder Anand Bundhit had returned to India from Silicon Valley out of patriotism. The company itself has received many overseas investments including Twitter. Its main business is in the United States, with revenue exceeding $500 million per year. Since 2015, this company has won several information engineering bids. For example, in 2018, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare chose them to develop a personal health data system covering ten states. The Wire’s investigation found through informants that the company’s intranet has "Tek Fog" operating project documents. Although its spokesman said that "Tek Fog" has nothing to do with the company.
Another company is the popular local social platform "ShareChat" in India. This is the largest non-English social media in India at present. It claims to have nearly 200 million potential users in more than 14 languages in second and third tier cities. The Wire survey found that "Tek Fog" system can manipulate a large number of fake accounts on ShareChat and publish a large number of so-called "community content" in Hindi, Marathi and other languages, among which there are a lot of hate speech. Many similar remarks were first published on ShareChat, and then moved to other social platforms. Although ShareChat’s operation team denies its relationship with TekFog, in recent years, its team has repeatedly expressed its willingness to attract political parties to its own platform-bringing traffic and spreading political information.
In addition, the investigation team also found that Tek Fog can "hijack" some deactivated accounts of other social media. For example, its operators will secretly "hijack" accounts by posting videos with Trojans to some WhatsApp (Facebook’s communication software) accounts. After users of these accounts log out or change their mobile phones, they will use this account to post fake news and various public opinion propaganda information to their friends.
What is even more surprising is that in India, a populous country with a large labor reserve, the technology of "Tek Fog" is very intelligent. The investigation team found that the news generation function of artificial intelligence (even with American artificial intelligence news technology such as OpenAI or more advanced CTRL) may be added to the operation of this APP: automatically generate news pages with modified titles and contents that look unusually "real". For example, a news report that "communication software encourages right-wing extremism" can be changed to the title and content of "communication software encourages left-wing terrorism" and then pushed in large quantities. The information receiver who doesn’t pay close attention can’t see that this is fake news at all.
Further investigation by The Wire found that the "Tek Fog" APP and its operation team participated in many language violence incidents on the Internet in recent years. And many of its functions are specially designed for this kind of "cyber bullying". It can push insulting language generated around certain keywords for specific groups-for example, when its operators need to insult female journalists according to the deployment, they will select the tag combination of women and journalists in the list, and then the system will automatically appear words such as "Pakistani guy", "tits" and "randi", which can quickly generate large-scale push of insulting content. For example, according to The Wire reporter’s statistics, in May 2021, of the 4.6 million social media messages targeted at 280 most famous female journalists in India, more than 800,000 (more than 18%) were pushed by Tek Fog. Moreover, this software played an important role in the stigma of "bringing virus into India" against Muslims in 2020 and the ethnic violence in Delhi.
The media’s revelation of Tek Fog may be just the tip of the iceberg, but it makes people see the efficient combination of the right-wing religious nationalism politics of the Bharatiya Janata Party, high-tech enterprises and even the Internet platform. Many functions of Tek Fog are built on the GoogleSheet service provided by Google. The technology platform suspected of supporting its operation accepted the investment from Twitter. In recent years, many reports have pointed out that the Bharatiya Janata Party and the National Volunteer Service Corps are developing their own organizations and teams in India’s electronic technology industry. In IT companies in Bangalore and other places, there are volunteer service groups similar to "fellowship" that regularly carry out activities to combine the daily life of the emerging middle class. With the continuous consolidation of Modi’s government position, Internet companies supported by financial capital have also formed alliances with Modi’s government’s political interests-"Persistant Systems" and "ShareChat" are both such examples-Modi’s government has helped Indian local Internet companies to crack down on foreign competitors and let the former occupy more markets. Local Internet companies help Modi government attract foreign investment into India, and at the same time help Modi’s political party to crack down on opponents and consolidate its ruling position with their own technology.
However, even if media reports point out that such an APP exists, Modi and his political forces can completely ignore it-as long as these public opinions do not hurt their votes, they will not pose a real blow to them. In the Pegasus monitoring software scandal in 2021, Modi’s government was exposed to use the monitoring system of Israeli companies to monitor opposition politicians and social people who were dissatisfied with its governance. At that time, Indian society was in an uproar, but the Modi government did not say much, and this incident did not make Modi’s administration encounter a crisis.
The Wire’s two-year investigation report on Tek Fog also reminds us that in recent years, people regard the extreme right wing or alternative right wing in Europe and America as a serious phenomenon and the most "cutting-edge" political issue. But what people may not realize is that in the former "third world" countries like India, the combination of technology and right-wing politics is actually more radical. In such an environment, once the combination of capital and technology and right-wing politics is not checked and stopped, its social and practical impact may be even more amazing.
At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Public Security deployed public security organs across the country to further crack down on illegal gambling activities, demanding that we should fight early, fight small, and fight constantly.
However, in some areas, driven by high profits, some lawless elements secretly gamble on their own under the guise of game machines. Due to the lack of sufficient discrimination against gambling, many game participants unconsciously fall into it.
So, as an ordinary consumer, how to distinguish between gambling machines and game machines? What are the social hazards of gambling game halls hidden in back streets and alleys? Recently, a reporter from the Legal Daily conducted an interview.
□ Our reporter Zhan Haifeng
Our correspondent Jia Weimin
Recently, in the corner of the garbage power plant in Fuling District, Chongqing, under the witness of dozens of people, more than 140 "game machines" were smashed and smashed.
These seemingly ordinary game machines actually have gambling functions similar to those of various gambling machines such as "turning machines" and "slot machines".
Carry out a full chain attack on gambling crimes
At about 3: 00 pm on June 5, less than an hour after receiving the report from the masses, Fuling police thundered and investigated a den suspected of using gambling game machines to carry out illegal and criminal activities in a back street and alley in the jurisdiction, arrested 8 gambling participants, provided 3 gambling conditions, confiscated 8 gambling machines, and gambled more than 1,000 yuan. The police imposed public security penalties on those involved in the case according to law.
Fuling District, located in the middle of Chongqing, has jurisdiction over 27 towns and streets, and is a typical mountainous county. With the help of the special geographical environment, the practitioners of gambling game machines are lucky enough to deal with the public security organs, showing the characteristics of employees breaking up into parts to escape the blow and gambling places of gambling game machines being scattered and hidden. Fuling police found in their work that the illegal activities of gambling game machines are low in cost and considerable in income, and many offenders still take risks despite being arrested many times.
The police realized that if they want to eradicate the gambling game machine soil, they must give a full chain blow to the gambling "interest chain" — — From the producers and sellers of gambling game machines to those who provide gambling venues for gambling game machine operators, employees and "gamblers", we must dig deep into the source, crack down on it according to law, and pursue it to the end.
In a case announced by Fuling police, Qiu Mou, a criminal suspect suspected of opening a casino, Chen Mou, who sells machines, Mei Mou, a waiter in charge of collecting fees and distributing points for "guests" in the casino, and Qin Mou, a gambler, were all dealt with by the police according to law. Afterwards, the police also dug up a den for refitting and producing gambling machines, and destroyed a gambling machine manufacturer, sales system and gambling gang in one fell swoop, completely destroying a gambling machine industry chain.
After the gambling machine was destroyed on the same day, Wang Duo, deputy detachment leader of Public Security Detachment of Fuling District Public Security Bureau, told reporters that this move strongly conveyed the firm determination of the police to eradicate the cancer of gambling game machines.
By playing early and playing small, the spread of gambling game machines was quickly curbed, and the motivation of the masses to report was also enhanced. According to statistics, more than 80% of the illegal and criminal activities of gambling game machines investigated and dealt with by Fuling police were reported by the masses, and more than 95% of them were investigated and dealt with shortly after the opening of casinos.
Tampering with machine programs or committing fraud.
What is the essential difference between gambling game machines and ordinary entertainment game machines? What crimes may be involved in opening a casino with a gambling machine for profit? The reporter interviewed Fuling police and experts and scholars in criminal law for this purpose.
When it comes to the identification object and principle, Wang Duo said that electronic game machines set in entertainment places for others’ entertainment are the identification objects of gambling game machines. There are three principles for identification: the electronic game machines allowed to enter the market in the Catalogue of Market Access Models for Game Amusement Machines by the Ministry of Culture, and the electronic game machine "Zhongfu Online" allowed to gamble are generally not identified as "having gambling function"; Electronic game machines that have not been admitted by the cultural department or have been included in the Guidance Catalogue of Electronic Game Machines with Gambling Function by the public security department are generally recognized as "having gambling function"; Access models or "Zhongfu Online" electronic game machines are used by units or individuals for gambling or gambling operations to realize gambling, and are recognized as "having gambling function".
For gambling crimes involving slot machines and fishing machines, in 2014, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Casinos with Gambling Machines (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which stipulates that if it is difficult to determine whether it is a gambling machine, the judicial organ may entrust the public security organ at or above the prefecture level to issue an inspection report; The judicial organ shall make a determination according to the inspection report and the specific circumstances of the case; When necessary, the people’s court may notify the inspectors to appear in court to explain. At the same time, Article 1 of the Opinions stipulates that setting up electronic game facilities and equipment with gambling functions such as returning coins, points and steel balls, and taking valuables such as cash and securities as prizes, or giving others valuables such as cash and securities to organize gambling activities in the form of repurchasing prizes, shall be deemed as "opening a casino" as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 303 of the Criminal Law.
Ding Shengming, an associate professor of criminal law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law, believes that game machines and gambling machines are not exclusive, and gambling machines are conceptually a kind of game machines. As for the question of which game machines constitute gambling machines, referring to the normative documents in some areas, it can be generally considered that game machines that meet one of the following conditions should be regarded as gambling machines: those with the functions of withdrawing points, gaining points and adding points; Having the function of returning money, or having the functions of recharging, rebate, rebate, etc. with the same nature as returning money; Having the function of withdrawing steel balls; Having the function of selecting odds and making big bets with small odds.
Ding Shengming said that according to the Opinions and the relevant provisions of China’s Public Security Administration Punishment Law, the act of setting up game equipment such as slot machines and fishing machines belongs to the act of "opening a casino". If the circumstances are minor, it can be punished according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. If the circumstances are serious, it constitutes the crime of opening a casino.
Gong Jie, a teacher of chongqing technology and business university Law School, believes that the criminalization of gambling in China’s criminal law is not a one-size-fits-all model, but selective, and not all types of gambling are completely criminalized, which can be confirmed from the legislative provisions. Specifically, China’s criminal law only stipulates that gambling in groups or gambling as a profession for the purpose of making profits constitutes a gambling crime. In addition, it is stipulated that opening a casino constitutes the crime of opening a casino.
"It can be said that the criminal legislation of gambling crimes in China mainly targets the organizers of gambling activities, gamblers who open casinos and people who gamble." Gong Jie said.
In addition, Ding Shengming introduced that although the current normative documents identify the crimes related to setting up slot machines and fishing machines as the crime of opening casinos, in fact, the relevant criminals have basically tampered with the procedures of these machines and can artificially set the winning rate. Criminals often set the winning rate to be very high at first, so that guests can taste the sweetness and invest more chips, and then gradually increase the difficulty and reduce the winning rate, thus obtaining high profits.
"Gambling is essentially a random probability event. It is an event that can improve the winning rate through skills, but it cannot be manipulated. From this point of view, setting up slot machines and fishing machines that have tampered with the program is more in line with the characteristics of fraud. " Ding Sheng said.
The complexity of gambling machine identification affects law enforcement
Talking about the harm of gambling to individuals and society, Lin Mao, a lecturer of Jiangnan University Law School who studies sociology of law, believes that from the perspective of micro-individual development, gambling is a manifestation of individual’s deviation from self and social understanding. Gambling machine addicts, mainly young people, pin their lives on virtual games and try to realize the value of life through the profit of virtual games, which seriously damages individual mental health. The obstacle of interaction between individuals and real people in real life caused by online virtual interaction has become a common problem in the era of Internet machines. In addition, gambling itself destroys people’s willpower, and online gambling machines do endless harm to individuals and society. Gambling machine players are addicted to the game for a long time and ignore the interaction and communication with the people around them in the real world. In the face of the personal safety danger brought by gambling, they lack sufficient self-protection and social and family support, and lose their basic emotional ties. Such individuals are prone to extreme behavior when facing debts caused by gambling, which leads to social problems such as deviance and anomie, and undermines social stability and harmony.
Regarding the problems existing in law enforcement and judicature in cracking down on gambling, Gong Jie believes that the discussion on this issue in relevant theoretical research needs to be further deepened, providing necessary theoretical support for legislation, justice and law enforcement by public security organs. Ding Shengming also admitted that in the current judicial practice, gambling machine criminal gangs often do not adopt centralized delivery, but decentralized delivery and unattended. As a result, it is difficult for law enforcement agencies to investigate and deal with it, and most of them are subject to administrative punishment according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. In addition, due to the absence of detailed rules, the identification standards of gambling machines are complex and lack of clear operational standards, which also affects law enforcement activities to some extent.
"Therefore, law enforcement agencies should focus on cracking down on areas with high incidence of gambling machine crimes, especially focusing on destroying criminal gangs behind gambling machines. At the same time, relevant departments should formulate clear and detailed rules, such as stipulating the identification standards of gambling machines through normative documents, so that the law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies can be based on evidence. " Ding Shengming said.
In this regard, Gong Jie also has similar views. He said that joint law enforcement should be organized to strengthen comprehensive management. The departments of industry and commerce, culture and public security should take the form of joint law enforcement, organize special inspections of gambling places where gambling machines may exist, such as game halls, teahouses and street shops, and intensify inspections. Investigate and deal with unlicensed operations, illegal operations, placing gambling machines, etc. in strict accordance with the law, focusing on investigating and dealing with possible darkrooms in game rooms and gambling game machines that may have switching functions.
In addition, Ding Shengming also suggested that relevant departments should strengthen legal education, so that ordinary people can realize the nature and harm of gambling machines, and realize that gambling machines are not ordinary game machines but a gambling trap, thus cutting off the breeding ground of gambling machine crimes at the root of consumption.
No.3388 Cultural Industry Review
The blue word cultural industry reviews above the point pay attention to and star the standard.
China has great etiquette, so it is called summer; The beauty of the service seal is called China. From the color aesthetic orientation of traditional clothing in past dynasties, we can also see the cultural connotation of Chinese nation. The simplicity and naturalness of costumes in the Han dynasty were popular in Xuan, Chi, White and Green. In the Tang dynasty, the costumes were wrongly painted with gold, which was popular in crimson, crimson, bright yellow and turquoise; In Song Dynasty, the costumes were graceful and elegant, and were popular in light red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow. In the Yuan Dynasty, the costumes were golden and colorful, and they were popular in gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and green. Ming Dynasty costumes were luxurious and dignified, popular with scarlet, sapphire blue, grape purple and grass green; In the Qing Dynasty, the costumes were in full bloom, and apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and pale blue were popular. I can’t wait. Come and enjoy the popular colors of costumes in various dynasties with the writing! A big wave of beautiful costume pictures and color palette rushes to you!
author | Laishipu
read and edit | Min Lu (Assistant Research Fellow, Sanchuan Huiwen Tourism Research Institute)
edit | Chen Hongwei
source | Guochao Museum
The text is 6605 words | Estimated reading time is 17 minutes.
Chinese clothes are the epitome of Chinese civilization.
The color of traditional clothing is influenced by the theory of yin-yang and five elements, which can be divided into two parts.Blue, red, black, white and yellowFive colors. Different colors advocated by different dynasties reflect their dynasty characteristics.
The President selected the six most representative dynasties in ancient China:Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, analyzed their popular clothing colors.
Let’s take a look at what these popular colors have with the introduction of the president ~
the Han Dynasty/the Han nationality/Chinese (language)/man
Features: simple and natural
Popular colors: Xuan, Red, White and Green.
In 206 BC, the Han Dynasty was founded.
Influenced by the Taoist technique of Huang Lao advocated in the early Han Dynasty and Confucianism advocated in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and later, the costumes of the Han Dynasty pursued the "essential beauty" of one integrated mass.
△ Eastern Han mural
The clothing colors in Han Dynasty are mainly monochrome and monochromatic, and they advocate dim colors, which are dignified, simple and natural.
Clothing in the Han Dynasty carries the idea of "rule by courtesy and orthodoxy", and the fabric dyeing follows the belief of Yin and Yang and the five elements, and it is noble in dark color and vulgar in light color.
Fashion colors in this period are dark black, red, green and white with low lightness.
△ Fuxi map in the tomb of Buqianqiu
black
After the Han dynasty destroyed Qin, according to the theory of five elements, it took the meaning that Qin destroyed Zhou and water overcame fire, and advocated water virtue.
Shuide is dark black. In the early Han Dynasty, dark black was the noblest color.
△ Han dynasty straight clothes
In the Book of Changes, the source of China culture, dark black was elevated to the status of "Heaven" and was the mother of all colors.
In Taoist thought, this theory was further developed:
Thousands of worlds originated from "Tao", and "Tao" showed the color of black, so the colorful of thousands of worlds grew out of black.
△ Eastern Han mural
Since the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, considering the five emperors in ancient times, the order of dynasty change was five elements, so the water virtue was changed to fire virtue, and the red color was taken as the top service.
Therefore, red became the most popular color in the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, the dresses of the Han Dynasty showed the characteristics of alternating red and mysterious.
Red also pinned the Han people’s desire for enlightenment and immortality.
The emperors of the Han Dynasty were keen to seek immortality, and imitating immortals with costumes was the most typical form of expression.
Immortal costumes pay equal attention to inflammation and red, and show awe-inspiring and inviolable momentum.
Nobles in the Han Dynasty like to wear red clothes, trying to imitate the charm of immortals.
△ Han dynasty skirt
white
In the Han Dynasty, white was a color that civilians could wear, and it was also the most commonly used color in clothing collocation.
It is natural, unpolished, with the most extreme simplicity and simplicity.
△ Han Xizai’s "Night Banquet Map" Part
White, as the most common popular color in the Han Dynasty, can best represent the ordinary people’s perception and understanding of life in the Han Dynasty.
It not only presents the beauty of the color of the costumes in the Han Dynasty, but also reveals the unique gentleness, gentleness, tolerance and atmosphere of the people in the Han Dynasty.
△ Han Dynasty winding clothes
green
Nearly half of the figures in Han Dynasty murals, both men and women, were dressed in green clothes, which reflected the popularity of green in Han Dynasty.
△ Han Dynasty murals
There is a poem in The Book of Songs, which says, "I am a green girl, and I am in my heart.". "Gnome" is the collar, and "green Gnome" refers to "the man in green clothes", which shows that the green shirt is the representative of a beautiful image in people’s minds.
△ Han Dynasty murals
In the Han Dynasty, the status of green is second only to red and mysterious, and it is also a color available to civilians, so it gradually became the popular color of clothing in the Han Dynasty.
In addition, green has a sense of peace visually, which accords with the charm of "purity" and "inaction" advocated in the study of Huang Lao advocated by Han Dynasty, and also accords with the beauty of "golden mean" in Confucianism.
△ Han Dynasty clothes
Tang Dynasty
Features: wrongly painted gold
Popular colors: crimson, crimson, bright yellow and turquoise.
Tang Dynasty’s clothing style is luxurious and elegant, with bright and bright colors, delicate and complicated patterns, and they like to use bright and contrasting colors to match, which embodies the characteristics of the inclusive and open era in Tang Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, scarlet, bright yellow, crimson purple and turquoise were the most popular clothing colors.
△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture"
bright red
If the dynasty had color, Datang must be a delicate and charming color with red flowers and green willows.
Crimson is the most popular color in the Tang Dynasty, and it is often matched with the intermediate green, forming a huge contrast.
Women in this era pursue individuality, just as none of us want to bump shirts today.
△ Tang Zhangxuan’s "Mrs. Guo You Chuntu" part
Crimson color appears as the main color in the clothing of the Tang Dynasty, which is charming and dazzling. The warm color reflects the prosperity of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and is unforgettable at first sight.
△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part
△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part
dark reddish purple
Purple has always been the exclusive color of the nobility.
It is gorgeous, bright, pleasing to the eye, elegant and unconventional at the same time. It is loved by noble women in the Tang Dynasty and is often used in clothing collocation.
△ Princess Yongtai’s Tomb Mural
In the Tang Dynasty, crimson purple was often used to match with various colors.
In Zhou Fang’s "Picture of a Lady with Flowers", your daughter is dressed in a long red dress and covered with a purple-brown gauze blouse; It was draped in vermilion with a blue and white curly grass pattern. Purple shirt, red skirt and vermilion silk, balanced echo.
△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part
bright yellow
In chromatography, yellow has the highest brightness, which is the color of the sun as the basis of life. It is bright and popular for a while.
In women’s clothing, it is the main color, with red, pink white, dark green, sapphire blue and other colors as harmony, which has the beauty of grandeur and blooming flowers.
△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part
Pure and bright yellow is also respected by Buddhism, which is the sacred color of Buddhism. It is believed that it has the power to expel evil and is used by cassock.
In the period of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty, it was considered that yellow was similar to the sun, and the sun was the symbol of the emperor. It was forbidden for officials and people to wear yellow, and ochre was designated as the special color for the emperor’s uniform.
dark green
Turquoise, as a popular color in clothing collocation in the Tang Dynasty, is often matched with scarlet, vermilion and white, and the colors contrast with each other and complement each other.
Turquoise, with its unique bright and fresh color expression, shows the vitality and vigor of the Tang Dynasty.
△ Tang Zhangxuan (biography) "Dao Lian Tu" (Song copy)
This three-color female figurine of Tang Dynasty, whose dress is mainly blue, green and yellow, is bright and natural in overall color.
△ Tang Sancai glazed pottery female figurines
the Song Dynasty; a surname
Features: graceful and elegant
Popular colors: light red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow.
The color characteristics of costumes in the Song Dynasty are simple and elegant, emphasizing the true colors and taking elegance as the priority.
The colors are on the high side, the purity is low, the application of contrast color is less, the colors are not as bright as before, and the color collocation is very harmonious.
Pale red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow are the favorite colors of Song people.
light red
In Song Dynasty, the concept of "keeping justice and eliminating human desires" was emphasized, which suppressed human personality and restricted the color of clothing to the extreme.
In Song Dynasty, the colors of costumes were formal and conservative, and the colors were elegant and quiet. Even when using the most gorgeous red, they often used light red.
Ouyang Jiong once described a woman wearing a pomegranate skirt in He Ming Dynasty, which shows the graceful beauty: recalling the first meeting between flowers, the tea is half covered, and the makeup face is lightly turned. Pomegranate nepotism, so the delicate jade fingers are secretly twisted, double phoenix gold thread.
Song people don’t pursue the colorful flowers in the Tang Dynasty, but like to pursue changes in the same color system, and they prefer the elegance of white.
Besides pure white, I also like moon white, blue white, pearl white and pink white.
As Ge Zhaoguang said: "The Zhao and Song Dynasties are like the moonlight that can’t reach the full moon on the eighth day of the seventh day."
White is pure and moist, like moonlight and Song Dynasty.
Song people pay attention to "inner saints" in their costumes, and see their thoughts in details.
Song Renzong often wears a white round neck robe when he is in court. But it is not pure white, and it uses the color of silk thread to weave different patterns, making white rich in layers.
People often use "rubbing blue shirts and apricot skirts" to describe the temperament of Ya Song.
At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Margaret Lide of Britain also called China "a country wearing blue robes", which reminded people of the sentence in the Book of Songs that "blue will be adopted in the end".
These four words are so peaceful and simple, but they are flying like a clean and blue dream.
Light blue was very popular in the Song Dynasty, and it was the closest to a modest gentleman like jade. The natural beauty of simplicity, gentleness and idleness was rich and radiant.
Praise simplicity and elegance, and follow the path of all things.
△ "Song Renzong’s Back Sitting"
Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin planned the mutiny in Chen Qiao, added a yellow robe and founded the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Yellow robe" or "yellow dress" is regarded as a symbol of the emperor’s power, and the history and service records of Song Dynasty stipulate that ochre yellow and light yellow are the emperor’s special clothing colors.
Light yellow is used in women’s clothing, which naturally brings a little pride and beauty of a good family.
In Li Qingzhao’s ci, girls who "stop swinging and adjust their delicate hands carelessly", "see guests coming in, socks slip away" and "lean back against the door and smell their plums" should wear such a light yellow dress.
Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)
Features: Gold and color are in harmony.
Popular colors: gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and emerald green.
The Yuan Dynasty is the most special era in ancient Chinese costumes, because it was a political power established by nomadic people in the northern grassland.
In the use of color, the Yuan Dynasty advocated nature aesthetically, and the popular colors were mainly gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and emerald green.
In the 13th century, Genghis Khan led Mongolian fighters and swept Europe and Asia with thunderous momentum.
Mongolian plateau gathers jewelry from all directions, gathers talents from all directions, and collects Chinese and foreign technology. Mongolian costumes have begun a new era of luxury and richness.
"Old clothes are inlaid with precious stones and pierced with gold ornaments" (The History of World Conquerors: Feini Zhi), which is characterized by elegance and jewels.
△ Yuanzu hunting map
In the Yuan Dynasty, the dignitaries loved weaving brocade and advocated using gold in their clothes to show their wealth and status.
The north is cold and short of water, and the surrounding colors are monotonous. Only the golden color like the sun’s rays brings a glimmer of life to people living in the local area.
△ Nashi braided robe in the period of ilhan State
Blue, called "Huhe" in Mongolian, is the color representing the Mongolians.
In the minds of Mongolians, blue symbolizes eternity, faithfulness and loyalty.
Early Mongolians liked blue and white, which is why blue-and-white blue-and-white porcelain flourished in the Yuan Dynasty.
△ Yuan Yan weaves the mandala after the Emperor.
In the primitive beliefs of Mongolians, they worship nature and the blue sky.
They believe that blue represents natural scenery, mountains and rivers, and symbolizes prosperity, beauty and verve.
Dark blue is the main color of men’s Mongolian robes.
Light blue and light blue Mongolian robes will also become the first choice for women in summer.
The Yuan Dynasty was a political power established by nomadic people, and animal fur was often used in costumes, so the colors were mostly gray taupe.
In addition, due to the strict grade requirements for clothing colors in the Yuan Dynasty, people are forbidden to wear bright colors such as brown yellow, willow green, red and white flashing colors, cockscomb purple, gardenia red and carmine.
Forced to be helpless, the color of folk costumes can only develop to taupe. Common colors are silver brown, tea brown, lilac brown and so on.
Green is a very special color. It is neither cool nor warm, and it belongs to the middle color.
As a nomadic people, Mongolians live by water and grass, advocating nature and respecting grasslands. As the main color of grassland, green has a special position in the minds of Mongolian people.
Therefore, green often appears as the main color of Mongolian robes.
In a place with four distinct seasons, seeing green is like seeing a rich grassland, giving people a sense of security, calmness and comfort.
Green environment means plenty of food and water, so the love for green has always been in the blood of Mongolian people.
bright
Features: luxurious and dignified
Popular colors: red, sapphire blue, grape purple, grass green.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Confucian moral thought of "propriety, music, benevolence and righteousness" was advocated, and the five colors were combined with "benevolence, virtue and goodness" and set as positive colors, which was a symbol of inferiority and rank.
Red, sapphire blue, grape purple and grass green are the most popular colors in Ming Dynasty.
△ Drawing a police map in the Ming Dynasty (partially) originated from "A General History of Clothing in China"
Clothing in Ming Dynasty inherited from Zhou and Han Dynasties and inherited from Tang and Song Dynasties. It has distinctive Chinese cultural characteristics and is a model of Chinese clothing, which has a wide and far-reaching influence on the clothing and aesthetics of later generations and neighboring countries.
The overall characteristics of Ming dynasty costumes are: paying attention to color matching, luxurious and dignified style, and strong sense of color layering.
In the Ming dynasty, fire was the king of the world, and the color was still red. As a positive color, red had a lofty position.
Red is a warm, impulsive and powerful color with the lowest frequency, longer wavelength and good diffraction ability in the visible spectrum.
△ Ming Dynasty big red dark flower yarn embroidered Yunhe square robe
In the visual sense, red has a strong spatial penetration ability, which is more eye-catching, and its color is like blood, which will form a visual sense of approaching.
The widespread use of red in the royal family shows the supremacy of the feudal ruling class.
△ Ming Dynasty big red makeup yarn cloud shoulder sleeve flying fish pattern gown (partial)
In the Ming Dynasty, the colors of the royal and noble costumes were bright and luxurious, mainly with high saturation colors such as big red, gold, yellow and crow green.
Since the Ming Dynasty, big red, as a symbol of life, enthusiasm, nobility and celebration, also known as China Red, has really penetrated into the context of Chinese culture.
△ Ming Xie Huan "Apricot Garden Elegant Collection"
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the power of the ruling class was constantly weakened, people’s thoughts were gradually liberated, dyeing technology and dyes were developed unprecedentedly, and the colors of clothing were more gorgeous and bright, and there was a constant violation of color.
People began to use high-purity bright colors, among which blue with high saturation was particularly popular.
△ Ming Dynasty blue peony, miscellaneous treasure pattern, dark flower, silk weaving, gold makeup, Kirin filling women’s coat
In Chou Ying’s painting "The Map of Southern Metropolis" in the Ming Dynasty, scarlet and sapphire blue are the most conspicuous, and they set off each other and complement each other.
This painting also embodies the characteristics of colorful costumes in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
△ Ming Chou Ying’s "Nandu Fanhui Volume"
The colors of folk costumes are mainly plain and elegant, and the colors commonly used by civilians are purple, green and light pink.
Purple is a combination of the coldest and warmest colors, which has a neutralization effect in clothing collocation. Therefore, purple is often the main color in civilian clothing, among which grape purple is the most popular.
In "A Beautiful Picture of a Thousand Years", the depiction of women’s clothing boldly adopts grape purple, lake green and other colors.
The strong color contrast highlights the strong "female consciousness" and the desire to break through the tradition and express themselves.
△ Ming Anonymous "The Beautiful Picture of a Thousand Years"
Green is a common color for civilians in all dynasties. With the development of spinning and dyeing technology, the saturation and brightness of green in Ming Dynasty costumes are higher, which makes them look fresh and bright.
In the Ming dynasty, dignitaries also liked to use cyan, green, red, black and gold as the main auxiliary colors.
Green with high saturation, as a popular color in Ming Dynasty, can best reflect the working people’s love for life and tenacious vitality in this period.
△ "Entering the Map" (partially) originated from "General History of China Clothing"
clean
Features: A hundred flowers blossom.
Popular colors: apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and pale blue.
The Qing Dynasty is an era with the greatest change in the history of Chinese clothing.
On the basis of retaining the traditional elements of the national costume, the costumes of the Qing Dynasty absorbed the elements of the Han nationality, forming a unique costume culture in the Qing Dynasty.
The popular colors of clothing in Qing Dynasty are apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and cyan.
In Chinese traditional culture, yellow, as a neutral color, is the first in Baise.
In Qing Dynasty, yellow was regarded as the sunshine color, which was bright and warm, and it was also considered as the golden color, which was both rare and precious.
△ During the Kangxi period, bright yellow satin embroidered colorful clouds, golden dragon mink inlaid with dragon skin and men’s robes.
Except bright yellow for emperors and queens, other yellows were widely used in Qing dynasty costumes.
△ During the Jiaqing period, a bright yellow gauze embroidered with colorful clouds, bats, gold dragons and women’s robes were placed in the court.
Different shades of yellow, or dignified, or delicate, or expensive, or lovely, are the warmest and brightest colors in Qing Dynasty costumes.
In the Qing dynasty, from the royal family to the common people, they all liked red and blue clothes the most.
True red is exclusive to emperors and queens, and other red colors are commonly used in clothing.
△ During the Jiaqing period, the red satin embroidered colorful clouds and the golden dragon pattern dyed the silver mouse leather-trimmed man with a robe.
In the costume culture of the Qing Dynasty, red represents happiness, solemnity, auspiciousness and happiness, and is also a symbol of identity.
△ During the Kangxi period, the red brocade was connected with the stone blue inch python, and the satin was clipped to the skirt.
Girls in the Qing Dynasty are happy in red.
Young women’s clothes are mostly pink and silvery red, while older women are happy with vermilion and scarlet.
Cyan is one of the important colors of Qing Dynasty costumes, which is between blue and green, and has the characteristics of crispness and cleverness.
The common color of civilian women’s clothing is cyan, and the color tone varies with age and occasion.
Blue symbolizes solemnity, strength and hope.
Traditional cyan has a unique artistic charm, which includes pink cyan, holly, bean cyan, azure and so on. These colors are widely used in Qing Dynasty costumes.
In the world of color aesthetics in Qing dynasty, blue is especially simple and elegant.
Among the blues, the lighter blue is called stealing basket, the heavier blue is called prison, the heavier blue is cyan, and the deepest blue is ultramarine.
△ During the Qianlong period, sapphire blue satin embroidered colorful clouds and golden dragon pattern men wore robes.
"Stealing baskets" comes from the color of the autumn sky.
This color, neither strong nor light, is like a girl’s grief, and it is a common color in young women’s clothing.
China was called Huaxia in ancient times, and it was named after its gorgeous clothes.
Looking at the leopard in the tube, we can also see the clothing aesthetics of each dynasty from it.
Natural, gorgeous, elegant, and elegant ….. all have their own charms.
Clothing culture is like a rhythmic life. By understanding its beating, we can grasp the pulse of the times.
The costume color of the Chinese nation, like Chinese and Chinese characters, has always flowed in the blood of the Chinese people and become a part of the cultural genes of the Chinese nation.
References:
[1] Yuan Xun. China clothing history [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2005.
[2] Chen Qichang. The origin of color and color concept in ancient Chinese clothing [J]. Xi ‘an: Journal of Northwest Textile Institute of Technology, 2000. History Room of People’s Education Press. China Ancient History [M]. Beijing: People’s Education Press, 2003.
[3] Li Miaoling. China costumes of the past dynasties [M]. Taipei: Bailing Press, 1984.
[4] Huang Nengfu. General History of China Clothing [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2007.
[5] Zhang Yuqi. Looking at China’s ancient color aesthetics from the philosophy of Yin-Yang and Five Elements [J]. Hangzhou: Art and Technology, 2014.
[6] Song Ge. On the changes of costume colors in Han Dynasty and their causes from archaeological data [J]. Cultural Relics of Central Plains, 2021(05):119-123.
[7] Xu Rui, Ma Danhua. Archaeological observation of costume color in Han Dynasty [J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology, 2011.
[8] Chen Qingju. Looking at Tang Dynasty costume color design concept from figure painting [J]. Art Grand View, 2011(09):54-55.
[9] Cui Pixin. Analysis of clothing color and color concept in Tang Dynasty [J]. Liaoning Silk, 2006(02):33-34.
[10] Hua Wen. From the "Yu Fu Zhi" to see the Song Dynasty clothing color [J]. Popular literature and art, 2018(20):232-233.
[11] Su Wenhao. "Taboos and Breakthroughs"-Interpretation of Clothing Color Culture in Ming Dynasty [J]. Popular Colors, 2020(10):23-26.
[12] Su Ye. Research and Analysis of Clothing Color in Yuan Dynasty Based on Natural Color System [J]. Educational Modernization, 2019.
foreword
The year 2020 is the year when a well-off society is built in an all-round way and the 13th Five-Year Plan ends. In order to show the moving scenes, innovative practices and highlights of the deep poverty-stricken areas in the western region in overcoming difficulties and taking off their hats on the journey to a well-off society, it reflects the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security in the western region. Sponsored by the Network News and Information Dissemination Bureau of the Central Network Information Office, co-organized by Chongqing Municipal Committee Network Information Office, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee Network Information Office, Sichuan Provincial Committee Network Information Office, Yunnan Provincial Committee Network Information Office, Gansu Provincial Committee Network Information Office, Qinghai Provincial Committee Network Information Office, and hosted by Hualong. com, "You smile so beautifully — — The theme activity of "Decisive Fight against Poverty and See the West" was launched on August 3, and the achievements of poverty alleviation will be displayed through short videos, H5, MV and other forms.
On August 4th, the national online media reporters watched Wushan in the cloud, walked into the rich leaders emerging from the poverty alleviation in Wushan County, and listened to their struggle stories in the front line of poverty alleviation.
Once a taste of the vast sea, I feel that the water in other places is pale; Once you have experienced the cloud of Wushan, you feel that the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.
Wushan County is located at the intersection of Daba Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Qiyao Mountain. Because of its excellent ecology, profound cultural heritage and numerous scenic spots, scholars and poets in past dynasties have written starry poems for Wushan and Wushan Goddess. However, due to its remote location and traffic congestion, most of these unique resources are "raised in boudoir", and the industrial development is weak, so it has become a national key poverty alleviation and development county.
After the new round of poverty alleviation campaign started, Wushan conducted a comprehensive screening of the rural population in the county and identified 120 poor villages, with a poverty incidence rate of 13.7%. In the face of these data, Wushan takes the power of the whole county to fill the shortcomings of infrastructure and pave the way for the industry, and develop green industries according to local conditions to drum up the pockets of the masses … …
In August 2018, Wushan officially withdrew from the national key poverty alleviation and development counties. The smiling faces of these poverty-stricken people are clear, sincere or simple, and every fine line engraved on the smiling face tells the hard work and harvest of the local people trying to get rid of poverty.
Gong Keyan. Photo courtesy of Rong Media News Center in Wushan County, Chongqing
The way to get rich is "stewed eggs and beauty"
The mountain road is winding and beautiful. Along the 301 provincial highway on the south side of Wuxiakou, you can see a brand-new white building eight or nine kilometers away. Before you get close, the strong smell of lo mei comes with the wind.
This is the well-known "Yanjie Farmhouse", which is a "service area" for tourists and drivers to rest and a "transit station" to drive villagers out of poverty. The owner of the farmhouse is Gong Keyan, who is known as "the beauty of stewed eggs". She not only walked out of the "road to get rich on the tip of the tongue" with her own hands, but also drove the surrounding villagers out of poverty.
In 2008, Gong Keyan bid farewell to her working life in Shenzhen and returned to her hometown. She and her husband built a water station in front of their own door next to the provincial road to add water to cars, earning about 10 thousand yuan a year.
Gradually, while adding water to their cars, they opened a snack bar to sell salted eggs to drivers and passengers passing by, and their business became more and more prosperous. After tasting the sweetness, they carried out "expanded reproduction" and developed dishes such as braised pig’s trotters, braised tofu, braised beef, dried tofu, braised konjac and braised duck neck.
Last year, Gong Keyan and his wife built a small building across the street from the old house. The snack bar "Braised Eggs and Xishi", which has been in operation for 11 years, has been transformed into "Yanjie Farmhouse". Not only has the store expanded to more than 200 square meters, but the dining table has also increased from 8 to 12. After expanding the size of the store, Gong Keyan and his wife added homestay business on the basis of snack bars to attract left-behind women and poor households in the village to find jobs.
"My family lives nearby and works here. It costs 2,500 yuan a month, which is better than farming." Gong Cuilan, who works in the store, told the reporter that at present, the eight employees in the store are all nearby villagers, and the monthly salary of 2,500 yuan and the treatment of free meals have obviously improved their lives.
Sitting in the new shop with clean windows, customers can see the beautiful scenery of "Wushan Yunyu" through the window, and they can feast their eyes on it while enjoying their food. Nowadays, "Beauty in Stewed Eggs" has become a business card for Wushan to become self-reliant and become rich and well-off.
Gong Keyan calculated that in the future, her "Yanjie Farmhouse" will also make efforts in management and service, and lead more people to become rich and well-off.
Nie Zhanghua. Photo courtesy of Rong Media News Center in Wushan County, Chongqing
Abandoned pomegranate forest turned into urban landscape tree
Lifting seedlings, tying ropes, and carrying … The villagers in Huazhu Village, Shuanglong Town are a little busy. Watching pomegranate trees two or three meters high rise from the ground, their locked brows gradually stretched and their smiles hung on their faces. Not long ago, a garden enterprise in Chongqing came to buy pomegranate trees that villagers were going to abandon.
"I thought that the pomegranate trees dug out could only be used as firewood. Unexpectedly, the government helped to contact the buyers, which gave us more income." Under the fruit forest, Nie Hai, the son of Nie Zhanghua, said happily while observing the growth of seedlings.
According to reports, this pomegranate forest has a total of more than 260 mu, which was introduced by villagers from other places more than ten years ago. Last year, Shuanglong Town vigorously developed the crisp plum industry and called on the villagers to plant crisp plums. Nie Zhanghua, a large planter in the village, decided to transfer this pomegranate forest and develop the crisp plum industry.
After learning about the relevant situation, the resident team felt very sorry and wondered if there was any way to make use of these pomegranate trees and turn them into treasures.
Through the matchmaking of the resident team, at the end of 2019, the heads of two garden enterprises came to Shuanglong Town to learn about the growth of pomegranate trees on the spot, and felt that these pomegranate trees were very suitable for landscape trees, so they immediately decided to order a batch. After learning that these trees were purchased from poor households, they also took the initiative to raise the original tree in 110 yuan to one in 130 yuan, so that the poor people could make more profits.
"600 trees and one tree, 130 yuan, sold a total of 70,000 to 80,000 yuan, which solved my economic problem." When it comes to this matter, Nie Zhanghua’s smiling mouth doesn’t close properly. With this money, Nie Zhanghua expanded his industry on the original 400 mu of crisp plum planting.
His son Nie Hai, as the technical backbone cultivated in the village, not only managed his own crisp plum garden, but also provided technical assistance to other poor households in the village. Last year, the yield of crisp plum reached more than 3,000 kilograms per mu, and he realized a net income of more than 100,000 yuan, which became a demonstration for the large-scale planting of crisp plum in the village. At present, Huazhu Village has developed 1,580 mu of crisp plums, which has driven 63 poor households in the village out of poverty and increased their income.
Nie Zhanghua said that the planting of crisp plums has now caught up with the good momentum, and he will strive to develop crisp plums as prosperous as pomegranate flowers blooming all over the mountain with the support and help of the government and the resident team.
Liu Jingchun. Photo courtesy of Rong Media News Center in Wushan County, Chongqing
"Golden Grape" Strings out "Poverty Alleviation Fruit"
"I will work harder and do well!" Looking at the honorary certificate of "the most beautiful example of poverty alleviation" in his hand, Liu Jingchun of Jingping Village in Shuanglong Town said simply and firmly that his face was a simple smile.
However, behind this smile is the tempering and precipitation of Liu Jingchun’s 10 years.
In 2010, it was a turning point in Liu Jingchun’s life. His first son was born, which brought happiness and joy to his family and made Liu Jingchun miserable and happy. The child suffered from congenital cleft lip, so he ran around to collect the operation fee for his son. One year after the operation, Liu Jingchun himself suffered from lumbar tuberculosis and owed more than 200,000 yuan for treatment, which instantly put this originally poor family in trouble.
"At that time, the child was like this, plus his own lumbar paralysis. He was lying in bed for more than half a year, unable to get up and owed money. At that time, he almost fell into a state of despair." Liu Jingchun said, "Fortunately, the poverty alleviation policy has brought me hope."
In 2013, Liu Jingchun was included in the poverty-stricken households with the establishment of the card and enjoyed the medical assistance policy for serious illness. Although the national policy is good, Liu Jingchun understands that it still depends on his own hands if he wants to really live a good life.
In 2017, under the premise of gradually improving his health, Liu Jingchun applied for a small poverty alleviation loan, and brought over a vineyard with a poorly managed area of 110 mu in a neighboring village. He decided to plant "golden grapes" and bear his own "poverty alleviation fruit".
After setting down the vineyard, every morning, Liu Jingchun rushed to the vineyard in the neighboring village 6 kilometers away to start a day’s work. "This period is a critical period for grape management and protection. If management and protection are not strengthened, it will directly affect the yield and quality this year."
The yield and quality of grapes are no matter how good, but it can’t avoid the problems brought by sales. In 2019, Liu Jingchun’s 110 acres of grapes began to enter the high-yield period, with an annual output of 20,000 kilograms. After selling more than 10,000 kilograms through friends and citizens themselves, the rest could not be sold.
"At that time, it was painful and anxious to see that such a good grape could not be sold. Fortunately, after Wang Tao, the first secretary of the village, knew the situation, he took the initiative to use his resources to help me sell the remaining thousands of pounds. At the same time, it also made my grapes have a certain reputation in Chongqing." Liu Jingchun recalled.
After the cold winter, spring always comes inadvertently. Nowadays, Liu Jingchun’s body has basically recovered and her children are attending primary school. At the same time, with the increase of income, not only have the hats of poor households been thrown far away, but Liu Jingchun also took the initiative to apply for withdrawal from the subsistence allowance.
Talking about his future life, Liu Jingchun smiled simply and expressed great confidence. This year, it is estimated that the output of grapes will reach 30,000 Jin and the output value will reach 200,000 yuan.
